Diversity

Key Question : What are the challenges diverse communities face in western societies ?

Just say sorry! Penn president Liz Magill issues groveling statement addressing her failure during shameful House appearance to say that calls for the genocide of Jewish people are harassment or hate speech - but fails to actually APOLOGIZE

From https://www.dailymail.co.uk By HARRIET ALEXANDER FOR DAILYMAIL.COM, 7 December 2023

Magill said: 'There was a moment during yesterday's Congressional hearing on antisemitism when I was asked if a call for the genocide of Jewish people on our campus would violate our policies.

'In that moment, I was focused on our university's long-standing policies - aligned with the U.S. Constitution - which say that speech alone is not punishable.

'I was not focused on, but I should have been, the irrefutable fact that a call for genocide of Jewish people is a call for some of the most terrible violence human beings can perpetrate. It's evil, plain and simple.'

Magill said she hoped to draw a line in the sand, and clarify her position.

'I want to be clear: a call for genocide of Jewish people is threatening, deeply so,' she said.

'It is intentionally meant to terrify a people who have been subjected to pogroms and hatred for centuries, and were the victims of mass genocide in the Holocaust.

'In my view it would be harassment or intimidation.'

But, Magill said, it was not officially classed as harassment - a policy she said was outdated and needed review.

Magill pledged to work to update the existing rules.

'For decades under multiple Penn presidents and consistent with most universities, Penn's policies have been guided by the Constitution and the law,' she said.

'In today's world, where we are seeing signs of hate proliferating across our campus and our world in a way not seen in years, these policies need to be clarified and evaluated.

'Penn must initiate a serious and careful look at our policies.'

She concluded that she was 'committed to a safe, secure and supportive environment so all members of our community can thrive. We can, and we will, get it right.'

Harvard also attempted to limit the damage from remarks by their president, Claudine Gay.

When the Supreme Court outlawed the use of race in college admissions in June 2023, it forced colleges and universities to rethink how to maintain and increase diversity in their student bodies. It’s a topic that political science professor Lauren Foley had been exploring in her new book, “On the Basis of Race: How Higher Education Navigates Affirmative Action Policies.” Below, Foley expounds on what she sees as the future of diversity in higher education now that college admission officials can no longer consider race.

Book explores how colleges seek to increase racial diversity without relying on race in college admissions

6 décembre 2023, Lauren Foley For TheConversation.com

Is racial diversity in higher education about to suffer?

Yes, the likelihood of admission for racial minority students will suffer as a result of the nationwide affirmative action ban in Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard. We know this from research done in states with existing affirmative action bans. Courts and ballot initiatives have banned affirmative action state by state in the last three decades. These states include California in 1996, Washington in 1998, Michigan in 2006, Nebraska in 2008 and Arizona in 2010. In 1996, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 5th Circuit in Hopwood v. Texas banned affirmative action across its jurisdiction: Texas, Mississippi and Louisiana.

Regardless of how selective a public university may be, the enrollment of racial minorities at those schools declines if they are located in states that ban affirmative action.

The largest effects are felt at the most selective flagship universities, like University of California Berkeley, UCLA and the University of Michigan. All of these schools self-reported dramatic declines in representation, particularly among Black, Hispanic and Native students. According to this data, underrepresented groups declined by 12% across the University of California system. At the University of Michigan, Black and Native undergraduate enrollment fell by 44% and 90%, respectively, in the years following the affirmative action ban.

Affirmative action was a precise tool in that it allowed universities to pay specific attention to specific populations of applicants. Without this tool, universities are left with blunt policy solutions and struggle to maintain and increase student racial diversity.

A ban on the method is not a ban on the goal.

Nationally, universities can no longer practice affirmative action as a way to maintain racial diversity among their students. This does not mean, however, that universities will abandon their commitments to racial diversity.

Even in states that already had bans on affirmative action before the Supreme Court banned the practice, universities reiterated their commitments to racial diversity. They also reaffirmed that they would both comply with the ban and find ways to prioritize diversity.

When colleges use race-neutral strategies to increase racial diversity, they don’t get the same results that they did with race-conscious affirmative action. There simply are no policy tools that work as well as affirmative action at producing racial diversity.

Nevertheless, universities will now seek out race-neutral methods to maintain or increase racial diversity on campus.

What makes the First Amendment unique?

By RUSSELL COATES, JUNE 8, 2023 FREE SPEECH HISTORY from https://www.learnliberty.org/blog/history-of-free-speech-in-america/

The First Amendment of the United States Constitution, which guarantees freedom of speech and religion, was a natural outgrowth of the values that had been developing in the colonies for centuries.

It stands as a remarkable testament to the significance placed on free speech within American society.

While many countries around the world recognize the importance of free expression, the First Amendment’s approach sets the United States apart in a unique way. Unlike most countries, which tend to adopt a more limited approach to free speech, the First Amendment takes a broad and expansive view, providing strong safeguards to protect individuals’ right to express themselves freely.

One important feature of the First Amendment is the concept of “prior restraint.” In many countries, governments have the power to censor or suppress speech before it is published or disseminated. However, the First Amendment places strong limitations on the government’s ability to engage in prior restraint.

Courts in the United States generally disfavor any attempt to restrain speech before it occurs, recognizing the potential for abuse and the chilling effect it can have on free expression. Instead, the American legal system tends to rely on post-publication remedies, such as defamation lawsuits or other forms of legal recourse where infringements against the rights of others have occurred, erring on the side of liberty rather than control.

Additionally, the First Amendment extends its protection beyond just the spoken and written word. It encompasses various forms of expression, including symbolic speech and expressive conduct. This means that individuals have the right to engage in peaceful protests, demonstrations, and other expressive activities to convey their ideas and beliefs. The recognition of symbolic speech ensures that individuals can communicate messages through actions, gestures, and artistic expressions, providing a broader scope for free expression compared to many other countries.

Lets play : https://quizlet.com/notes/f97bad43-246f-45a9-814e-b831aebf1052?i=oxtpk&x=13qt

The Big Picture RACISM, racism

Study online at https://quizlet.com/_e7su72

1. Propaganda: La propagande
2. To spread racist theories: Répandre des théories racistes
3. Racial bias, racial prejudice: Les préjugés raciaux
4. Skin color: La couleur de peau
5. To be mixed-race: Être métis
6. Segregation: La ségrégation
7. Desegregation: La déségrégation
8. To desegregate school: Supprimer la ségrégation raciale dans les écoles
9. A slave: Un esclave
10. Slavery: L'esclavage
11. The slave trade: Le commerce des esclaves
12. To abolish, to do away with slavery: Abolir l'esclavage
13. Narrow-minded: Étroit d'esprit, borné
14. To propagate hatred: Propager la haine
15. Incitement to racial hatred: L'incitation à la haine raciale
16. Hate speech: Des propos racistes
17. A racist attack, a racially motivated attack: Une agression à caractère racial

18. Racial abuse, racist abuse: Des insultes à caractère racial
19. Racial tensions: Les tensions raciales
20. To fuel tensions: Alimenter, nourrir les tensions
21. Jewish: Juif
22. A Jew: Un juif
23. Anti-Semitism: L'antisémitisme
24. To desecrate a grave: Profaner une tombe
25. Revisionism: Le négationnisme
26. A revisionist: Un négationniste
27. To deny: Nier
28. A scapegoat: Un bouc émissaire
29. Race relations: Les relations interraciales
30. Racial discrimination: La discrimination raciale
31. The color bar, the color line: La discrimination raciale
32. To be discriminated against: Être victime d'une discrimination
33. African-American, Afro-American: Afro-américain
34. Asian-American: Américain d'origine asiatique
35. A multiracial society: Une société multiraciale
36. A mixed marriage, a mixed-race marriage, an interracial marriage: Un mariage mixte
37. A ghetto: Un ghetto
38. An ethnic minority: Une minorité ethnique

39. To outlaw, to ban: Proscrire, déclarer hors la loi

40. Affirmative Action: La discrimination positive

41. Color-blind: Sans discrimination raciale
42. Regardless of race: Quelle que soit la race

43. Racial profiling: Délit de faciès
44. Identity checks: Les contrôles d'identité
45. To feel alienated, excluded: Se sentir exclu
46. A two-tier society: Une société à deux vitesses
47. Second-class citizens: Des citoyens de seconde zone
48. To suffer a wrong: Subir une injustice
49. To right a wrong: Réparer une injustice
50. To apologize to sb: S'excuser auprès de qqn
51. To coin: Inventer
52. Police practices: Pratiques policières
53. To open fire: Ouvrir le feu
54. police brutality: Violences policières
55. To manhandle a suspect: Malmener un suspect
56. the Civil War: la Guerre de Sécession
57. thousands of miles apart: à des milliers de kilomètres de distance
58. dismantling: démantèlement
59. restrooms: toilettes
60. covert: indirect
61. facilities: équipements
62. indict: inculper
63. indictment: mise en accusation formelle
64. timely: opportun
65. veterans: anciens combattants
66. in the wake of: au lendemain de
67. influentials: influents
68. driving while intoxicated: conduite en état d'ébriété
69. strife: conflit, dissensions, luttes
70. veneer: vernis, apparence
71. purport: prétendre
72. debunk: discréditer
73. to spread racist theories, to propagate: propager des théories racistes

74. racial bias, racial prejudiceles: les préjugés racistes
75. skin colour: la couleur de peau
76. to be mixed-race: être métis
77. segregation: la ségrégation

78. to desegregate schools: abolir la ségrégation scolaire

79. slave: un esclave
80. to enslave: asservir
81. to abolish, to do away with slavery: abolir l'esclavage

82. narrow-minded: étroit d'esprit

83. incitement to racial hatred: incitation à la haine
84. hate speech: des propos racistes
85. racial abuse, racist abuse, racial slur: les insultes à caractère raciste

86. racial tensions: les tensions raciales
87. to fuel tensions: alimenter, nourrir les tensions
88. anti-Semitism: l'antisémitisme
89. to desecrate a grave: profaner une tombe
90. revisionism: révisionnisme
91. deny: nier
92. a scapegoat: un bouc émissaire
93. race relations: les relations interraciales
94. racial discrimination: la discrimination raciale
95. a multiracial society: une société multiraciale
96. an ethnic minority: une minorité ethnique
97. to outlaw, to ban: proscrire, déclarer hors la loi
98. affirmative action: la discrimination positive
99. colour-blind: sans discrimination raciale
100. regardless of race: quelle que soit la race
101. racial profiling: délit de faciès
102. police practices: pratiques policières
103. to open fire: ouvrir le feu
104. identity checks: les contrôles d'identité
105. to feel isolated: se sentir isolé
106. second-class citizen: un citoyen de seconde zone
107. to suffer a wrong: subir une injustice
108. to right a wrong: réparer une injustice
109. to apologize to someone: s'excuser auprès de quelqu'un

The Big Picture MULTICULTURALISM

Study online at https://quizlet.com/_e7zxf7

1. an ethnic minority: une minorité ethnique
2. minority students: les étudients issus des minorités
3. a native country: un pays natal
4. a host country: un pays d 'accueil
5. to welcome immigrants: accueillir les immigrants
6. a newcomer: un nouvel arrivant
7. a citizen: un citoyen
8. citizenship: la citoyenneté
9. racial bias, racial prejudice: les préjugés raciaux (1)
10. cultural diversity: la diversité culturelle
11. a multiracial society: une société multiraciale
12. mainstream culture: la culture dominante, majoritaire
13. to assimilate into a society: être assimilé dans une société
14. to become integrated into a society: s'integrer dans une société
15. integration: l'integration
16. social integration: l'integration sociale
17. to mingle with other people, to mix: se mêler aux autres
18. to socialize with one's neighbours: fréquenter ses voisins
19. to live peaceably with other communities: vivre en paix avec d'autres com- munautés
20. to cohabit with smb: cohabiter avec qqun
21. to coexist with smb: coexister avec qqun
22. peaceful coexistence: coexistance pacifique
23. incomprehension, lack of understanding: l'incompréhension
24. lack of understanding: l'imcompréhension (2)
25. the language barrier: la barrière de la langue
26. mistrust, distrust: méfiance
27. they keep themselves to themselves: ils ne se mêlent pas aux autres
28. to be cut off from the rest of society: être coupé du reste de la société
29. to reject Western values: rejeter les valeurs occidentales
30. the rejection of Western cultural standards: le rejet des normes culturelles occidentales
31. secular: laïc
32. secularism: laïcité
33. the separation of church and state: la séparation de l'Eglise et de l'Etat
34. chauvinism: le chauvinisme
35. chauvinistic: chauviniste
36. to foster hatred: favoriser la haine
37. to fuel hatred: nourrir, alimenter, entretenir la haine

38. to incite religious /racial hatred: inciter à la haine racial/ religieuse

39. to threaten national cohesion: menacer à la cohésion nationale

40. national identity: l'identité nationale
41. segregation: la ségrégation

42. desegregation: la déségrégation
43. a black neighbourhood: un quartier noir
44. a lily-white suburb: une banlieue entièrement blanche
45. a ghetto: un ghetto
46. ghettoization: la ghettoïsation
47. an enclave: une enclave
48. a gated community: une enclave résidentielle protégée
49. inner-city areas: les quartiers déshérités des centres-villes américains
50. disavantaged, underprivileged: défavorisé
51. second-class citizens: des citoyens de seconde zone
52. a two-tier society: une société à deux vitesse
53. discrimination: la discrimination
54. to be discriminated against: être victime de discrimination
55. to promote a worker: promouvoir un salarié
56. a glass ceiling: limite invisible à la promotion de certaines catégories de salariés
57. to be victimized: être victime de brimades
58. to exclude sbd: exclure qqun
59. to ostracize sbd: ostraciser qqun
60. to marginalize sbd: marginaliser qqun
61. young men of Asian/Itaian descent origin, background: des jeunes hommes d'origines asiatique/italienne
62. the Muslim population of Pakistani origin: la population musulmane d'origine pakistanaise
63. second-generation immigrants: des immigrés de deuxième génération
64. a forced/arranged marriage: un mariage forcé/arrangé
65. a sham marriage, a marriage of convenience: un mariage blanc
66. inter-ethnic marriage: le mariage interethnique
67. a mixed marriage, a mixed-race marriage: un mariage mixte
68. to be mixed-race: être métis
69. to be dual heritage, to have dual heritage: avoir une double culture
70. affirmative action: la discrimination positive
71. equal opportunity: l'égalité des chances
72. to introduce quotas: instaurer des quotas
73. the introduction of quotas: l'instauration des quotas

74. to apologize to smb for smth: s'excuser de qqchose auprès de qqun

75. to set right wrongs: réparer des injustices
76. to redress imbalances: corriger des déséquilibres
77. to call smth into a question: remettre qqchose en cause

78. to take the oath: prêter serment
79. bear true allegiance: jurer allégeance
80. fulfil my duties as a Canadian citizen: accomplir mes devoirs de citoyen canadien
81. Rule of Law: l'état de droit
82. Ghettoization: la ghettoïsation
83. self-segregation: auto-ségrégation
84. identity politics: Identité politique
85. plight: situation critique
86. of Pakistani descent: d'origine pakistanaise
87. slightly veiled: à peine déguisé
88. broad-mindedness: ouverture d'esprit
89. come under fire: être vivement critiqué
90. to feel alienated: se sentir exclu
91. Downplaying: minimiser
92. I opined that: J'étais d'avis que
93. mainstream: courant dominant
94. stifle: étouffer
95. vacuum: vide
96. embedded in: véhiculé par
97. a play: une pièce de théâtre
98. homogeneous: homogène
99. the motto: la devise
100. merge: fusionner, s'unir
101. for instance: par exemple
102. fulfil: satisfaire, réaliser, remplir
103. heirs: héritiers
104. Hindus: les hindous
105. faiths: les confessions, les religions, les croyances
106. customs: traditions
107. emphasize: mettre l'accent sur
108. withdraw: se retirer
109. mainstream society: société dominante, normale