SOLIDARITY & IMMIGRATION

Key Question : How do communities assimilate in a national society ?

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1LmSasNsiir99X0gtae8sS8Gl6WKlFX4v/view?usp=share_link

After years of talks about creating a constitutional body to represent and advocate for Australia's Indigenous people, the country is finally going to the polls this weekend to vote on the matter at a _____(1). And if opinion polls are anything to go by, Australians are about to firmly reject the opportunity to do so.

Australians are being asked to alter the country's founding legal document for the first time since 1977 to recognise the "First _____(2) of Australia" by establishing an Indigenous Voice to parliament. If passed, the _____(3) body would advise the parliament on issues that concern Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people - the most _____(4) communities in the country.

In 2020, the Australian government _____(5) that Indigenous people continued to face "entrenched disadvantage… and ongoing _____(6) racism". While the historic referendum would be seen as a big step forward for the one million-strong Indigenous population, opinion polls suggest the _____(7) will be rejected just as more than four in five referendums have been in the past.

Prime minister Anthony Albanese, a leading Voice advocate, yesterday cited the Israel-Hamas war to underscore why Australians should vote "yes" out of kindness. "This week of all weeks where we see such trauma in the world, there is nothing - no cost - to Australians showing kindness, thinking with their heart as well as their head, when they enter the _____(8) _____(9) tomorrow and vote 'yes'," the prime minister said. "Kindness costs nothing. Thinking of others costs nothing," he added.

Opponents of the referendum, who have run a seemingly effective "No" campaign for months, argue it would be the biggest change to Australia's democracy in the nation's history and divide Australians along _____(10) _____(11) without reducing Indigenous disadvantage. Peter Dutton, leader of the opposition Liberal Party, said polling showing declining support for the referendum over the past year was evidence Mr Albanese failed to convince voters of the benefits of the Voice.

But for the marginalised community, the referendum is an opportunity to finally be "visible". "I never thought I would experience it in my time here," Karen Gibson, a Yalanji and Nyungkul woman, told the BBC. "My ancestors were invisible. I want to be _____(12)."

Noel Pearson, an _____(13) leader and architect of the Voice, argued that Australians were facing a "moral choice" at the referendum as well as a question of constitutional law. "One choice will bring us pride and hope and belief in one another and the other will, I think, turn us _____(14) and bring shame to the country," Mr Pearson told .

Who are Australia's Indigenous people? Indigenous Australians account for 3.8 per cent of the country's population. The Aboriginal people of Australia's mainland are culturally distinct from Torres Strait Islanders who come from an archipelago off the northeast coast. So Australia's Indigenous population is known collectively as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.

Indigenous Australians are the most disadvantaged ethnic group in the nation, with a _____(15) _____(16) twice that of the national average and increased suffering from diseases in the remote Outback that have been eradicated in most other developed nations. Indigenous men have a _____(17) _____(18) of 71 years and Indigenous women 75 years. That's 8.6 years shorter than other Australian men and 7.8 years shorter than other Australian women. "Yes" campaigner Kyam Maher, an Indigenous man and South Australia state's attorney general, said the question he was most often asked by thousands of voters was what result Indigenous Australians wanted. "I can say absolutely and overwhelmingly Aboriginal people want their fellow Australians to vote 'yes' tomorrow," he said.

What is the Voice? More than 17 million Australians will vote "yes" or "no" on a single question today to "alter the constitution to recognise the First Peoples of Australia by establishing an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice". If the answer is "yes", the constitution would be rewritten to state that the Voice "may make representations" to the parliament and executive government "on matters relating to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples".

Members would be chosen by local Indigenous people and serve for a fixed period. Parliament would "have power to make laws with respect to the composition, functions, powers and procedures" of the Voice, the constitution would say. The creation of the Voice was recommended in 2017 by a group of 250 Indigenous leaders who met at Uluru - an Indigenous sacred site formerly known as Ayers Rock.

The conservative government rejected the _____(19), arguing that a Voice would be seen as a "third chamber" of parliament.

What do the _____(20) _____(21) say? The opinion polls published on Monday showed a majority of Australians initially supported the Voice but have now turned against it. A poll published in The Australian newspaper showed 58 per cent of respondents opposed the Voice and only 34 per cent supported it. The poll was based on an online survey of 1,225 voters nationwide from 3-6 October.

Another survey by the Sydney Morning Herald found 56 per cent of respondents rejected the Voice and only 29 per cent supported it. The poll was based on a survey of 4,728 voters.

When will the result be declared? Referendums in Australia are _____(22) difficult to pass and only eight out of 44 have done so since Australia became a country in 1901. Success requires a double majority: a majority of voters _____(23) and majorities in at least four of Australia's six states.

Nearly a quarter of people have already voted in early polling centres across the country, according to the Australian Electoral Commission figures. Another 2 million have applied to vote via post, and around 125,000 have voted via mobile polling teams.

Conjugate the verbs on the following forms : https://forms.office.com/Pages/ResponsePage.aspx?id=DFIiP_M62USdzDpChgyiJdHN8kEZuK5AvkIrGL-rk49UNVA2VE9ZUkgwOThGQVNJTjJXNFZGMEYwTiQlQCNjPTEu

Britain's post-Brexit warning for Americans seduced by Trump

Citation metadata

Date: Sept. 1, 2016

De: Washingtonpost.com

Editeur: The Washington Post

Donald Trump's ungainly back-and-forth on immigration _____(have) a parallel in Britain, which _____(struggle) to make sense of its own impetuous resolution to take control of its borders. Indeed, if Britain after the Brexit referendum is anything to go by, a Trump presidency would be dominated by zigzagging: sometimes to dilute past promises, sometimes to double down. In the terrifying event that Trump actually became president, you'd _____(hear) supporters _____(grumble) bitterly about treachery -- even as critics wondered furiously why impractical campaign pronouncements were so seductive for so long.

More than two months after their vote to leave the European Union, the British _____(be) no closer to understanding what they have done. Theresa May, the sensible prime minister, _____(assure) the public firmly that "Brexit means Brexit," much as parents _____(tell) their children that bedtime _____(mean) bedtime. But May stoutly _____(refuse) to specify what she means by this. On Wednesday she _____(summon) her cabinet for a special off-site meeting, and her spokeswoman _____(declare) afterward that Britain wanted the right to curb migration from Europe -- but also a "positive outcome" on trade. What if these goals are incompatible? The prime minister does not say.

May's problem is that the Brexit referendum, like the Trump phenomenon, was largely an expression of hostility to immigrants. A survey of more than 12,000 voters on the day of the referendum _____(find) that the most common reason to support Brexit was an urge to assert sovereignty; second came the desire to control national borders. Although May herself _____(be) a quiet Brexit opponent, she understands the public's view on immigration. And that makes it almost impossible to envisage a "positive outcome" for trade.

In the European Union, the principle of free movement is nearly as sacrosanct as the Commerce Clause in the United States. This is not necessary or logical: For members of the euro zone, there is an argument that a common currency requires a single labor market; but for E.U. countries outside the euro, you could imagine a union with borders and passports. Yet Norway, which is not in the E.U. but is a member of the E.U. single market, is required to accept unlimited numbers of E.U. migrants as a condition of its trade access. Switzerland, another E.U. outsider that enjoys many of the advantages of single-market membership, wants to control its border but faces similar constraints.

However things turn out for Britain, the lesson for Americans is stark: Refuse to be seduced by campaign pledges that could not possibly be implemented without damaging the nation. Whatever the glib talk of post-truth politics, the truth still _____(matter) when it _____(come) to governing.

VOCABULARY LIST 

SOLIDARITY

https://quizlet.com/99197745/the-big-picture-solidarity-flash-cards/?i=oxtpk&x=1jqt

1. welfare: l'aide social, les assurances sociales, les prestation sociales OU le bien-être
2. the welfare state: l'Etat providence
3. social insurance, social protection: la protection sociale

4. welfare rights, welfare entitlements, welfare payments: les allocations so- ciales
5. a welfare worker, a social worker: une assistante sociale
6. to be entitles to sth: avoir droit à qch

7. social justice: la justice sociale
8. a benefit, an allowance: une allocation, une prestation sociale
9. unemployment/ child/house benefit: allocations chômage, familiale, logement 

10. social benefits: les acquis sociaux
11. to claim benefits: demander des prestations sociales
12. a benefit claimant: un demandeur de prestations sociales
13. health insurance scheme: l'assurance maladie
14. health coverage, medical coverage: la couverture sociale
15. a means-tested benefit: une allocation soumise à des conditions de revenu 

16. to be on the dole: recevoir des allocations chômage
17. to contribute: cotiser
18. social contributions: les cotisations sociales
19. redistribution: la redistribution
20. income tax: l'impôt sur le revenu
21. a pension: une (pension) retraite
22. the pension system: le système de retraite
23. the state pension system, scheme: le regime d'assurance vieillesse
24. to receive a pension: toucher une retraite
25. a pensionner, an old age pensionner, a retiree, an OAP: un retraité
26. to retire: prendre sa retraite
27. retirement: la retraite
28. retirement age: l'âge de la retraite
29. retired people: les retraités
30. a pension fund: un fonds de pension
31. an ageing population: une population vieillissante
32. the elderly: les personnes âgées
33. the health care system: le système de santé
34. health care, medical treatment: les soins, les traitements médicaux
35. health spending: les dépenses de santé
36. life expectancy: l'espérance de vie
37. to live to be a hundred: vivre jusqu'à 100 ans

38. to be on welfare: toucher des prestations sociales, recevoir l'aide sociale

 39. to live on welfare (US): vivre des prestations sociales
40. people living on state handouts, welfare scroungers: les assistés
41. welfare dependency: l'assistanat

42. a benefit cheat: un fraudeur abusant du système des allocations 

43. a benefit fraud: la fraude aux allocations
44. a freeloader: un profiteur, un parasite
45. parasitism, freeloading: le parasitisme

46. charity: la charité OU les œuvres caritatives
47. a charity, a charitable organization: une organisation caritative
48. a non-profit making organization: une organisation à but non-lucratif
49. a charitable cause: une bonne cause, une cause humanitaire
50. a volunteer, a voluntary worker: un bénévole
51. volunteering, voluntary work: le bénévolat
52. an NGO, a non-governmental organization: une ONG, une organisation non-gouvernmental
53. to show, to express solidarity with sb, to support sb, to stand by sb: être solidaire de qn, se solidariser avec qn
54. to dissociate oneself from sb: se désolidariser
55. to give away to donate money: donner de l'argent, faire un don
56. to make a donation: faire une donation
57. a donor: un donateur
58. a benefactor: un bienfaiteur
59. a recipient: un bénéficiaire
60. to pledge, to promise to give money: promettre de donner de l'argent
61. generous: généreux
62. generosity: la générosité
63. disinterested: désinteressé
64. selfish: égoïste
65. selfishness: l'égoïsme
66. humanitarian aid, assistance: l'aide, l'assistance humanitaire
67. emergency aid, emergency assistance: les secours d'urgence
68. food aid: l'aide alimentaire
69. development aid: l'aide au développement
70. a relief agency, a relief organization: une organisation humanitaire
71. a relief worker: un travailleur humanitaire
72. to hand out blankets: distribuer des couvertures
73. debt relief: l'allégement de la dette
74. to cancel debts, to write off debts: effacer, annuler des dettes

75. debt-tescheduling: le ré-échelonnement de la dette

76. fair trade: le commerce équitable
77. ethical investment: investissement éthique
78. philanthropy: la philanthropie

79. a philanthropist: un philanthrope
80. munificence: la munificence
81. to fund a project: financer un projet
82. to support, to back an initiative: soutenir une initiative 83. financial backing: soutien financier

84. a sponsor: un parrain, un mécène, un sponsor
85. to sponsor: sponsoriser, parrainer
86. corporate sponsorship: le mécénat d'entreprise
87. corporate social responsibility, CSR: la responsabilité sociale de l'entreprise 88. social entrepreuneurship: entreprenariat social

89. to endow: doter OU fonder
90. an endowment: une dotation OU fondation 91. a foundation: une fondation
92. estate tax: les droit de succession
93. a tax break: une réduction d'impôt
94. a tax credit: un crédit d'impôt

IMMIGRATION

https://quizlet.com/fr/528335774/the-big-picture-immigration-flash-cards/?i=oxtpk&x=1jqt

1. A foreigner: Un étranger
2. A stranger: Un inconnu
3. Nationality: La nationalité
4. A foreign national: Un ressortissant étranger
5. French citizens: Les personnes de nationalité française
6. To emigrate to New Zealand: Émigrer en Nouvelle-Zélande 7. To immigrate to France: Immigrer en France

8. A wave of immigration: Une vague d'immigration
9. Large-scale / mass immigration: Immigration à grande échelle / de masse
10. An exodus: Un exode
11. A newcomer: Un nouvel arrivant
12. Native country, home country: Pays natal, pays d'origine
13. Homeland: La patrie
14. A host country: Un pays d'accueil
15. An adoptive country, a country of adoption: Un pays d'adoption
16. To welcome: Accueillir
17. Welcoming: Accueillant
18. Immigration policy: La politique migratoire
19. Selective immigration, controlled immigration: Immigration choisie, immigra- tion contrôlée
20. Migration flows: Les flux migratoires
21. A stowaway: Un passager clandestin
22. Illegal immigration: L'immigration clandestine, irrégulière
23. Uncontrolled immigration: L'immigration sauvage
24. An illegal immigrant, an illegal alien, an undocumented alien: Un immigrant clandestin, un sans-papiers
25. His papers are not in order: Il est en situation irrégulière
26. A border, a frontier: Une frontière
27. To close one's border: Fermer ses frontières
28. Border controls: Les contrôles aux frontières
29. Identity checks: Les contrôles d'identité
30. A holding centre, a detention facility: Un centre de rétention (administrative) 31. A passport: Un passeport
32. An identity card: Une carte d'identité
33. A visa: Un visa
34. A refugee: Un réfugié
35. A displaced person: Une personne déplacée
36. A stateless person: Un apatride
37. To take refuge, take shelter: Se réfugier

38. To seek political asylum: Demander l'asile politique
39. An asylum-seeker: Un demandeur d'asile
40. To flee persecution / destitution: Fuir la persécution / la misère
41. To escape poverty: Échapper à la pauvreté
42. To be in search of better living-conditions: Chercher de meilleures conditions de vie
43. Human trafficking: Le trafic des êtres humains
44. A smuggler: Un contrebandier, un passeur
45. People-smugglers: Les passeurs d'immigrants clandestins
46. A smuggling ring: Un réseau de passeurs
47. A fake passport: Un faux passeport
48. To escort sb back to the border: Reconduire qqn à la frontière
49. To send an immigrant back to his native country: Renvoyer un immigrant dans son pays d'origine
50. To deport sb: Expulser qqn
51. To be turned away at the border: Être refoulé à la frontière
52. To be ordered out of the country: Être expulsé
53. To go into exile: S'exiler
54. An exile: Un exilé
55. To exile, banish sb: Exiler, bannir qqn
56. To expatriate oneself: S'expatrier
57. An expatriate, an expat: Un expatrié
58. To defect to the West / to the ennemy: Passer à l'Ouest / à l'ennemi
59. Brain drain / brain gain: Fuite des cerveaux / afflux des cerveaux
60. To start from scratch: Partir de rien
61. Moonlighting: Le travail au noir
62. A sweatshop: Un atelier clandestin
63. To exploit migrant workers: Exploiter les travailleurs immigrés
64. A work permit: Un permis de travail, une carte de travail
65. A residence permit, a resident permit: Un permis de séjour, une carte de séjour
66. A migrant worker: Un travailleur migrant
67. A guest worker: Un travailleur invité (disposant d'un visa temporaire)
68. To become integrated: S'intégrer
69. To integrate well into a society: Bien s'intégrer dans une société
70. Social integration: L'insertion sociale
71. To regularise the status of illegal immigrants: Régulariser la situation des clandestins
72. Regularisation: La régularisation

73. To be granted British citizenship, to become a British citizen: Se faire naturaliser britannique, être naturalisé britannique, obtenir la nationalité britannique 74. A quota: Un quota
75. Family reunion, reunification: Le regroupement familial
76. A benefit cheat: Qqn qui abuse du système des prestations sociales
77. Benefit fraud: La fraude aux prestations sociales
78. A freeloader: Un parasite
79. A sham marriage, a marriage of convenience: Un mariage blanc
80. To flood: Inonder
81. To be swamped with foreigners: Être envahi par les étrangers
82. The influx of workers: L'arrivée massive, l'afflux de travailleurs
83. To stem the flow of immigrants: Endiguer l'afflux d'immigrés
84. To restrict / curb immigration: Limiter / freiner l'immigration
85. A far-right party: Un parti d'extrême droite
86. To scare immigrants away: Faire fuir les immigrants
87. To keep out indesirables: Empêcher les indésirables d'entrer
88. Xenophobia: La xénophobie
89. Xenophobic: Xénophobe
90. Second-generation immigrants: Des immigrés de deuxième génération
91. To have a foreign-born grandfather: Avoir un grand-père né à l'étranger
92. Young men of Asian / Portuguese descent: Des jeunes gens d'origine asia- tique / portugaise
93. A native of France: Un Français de naissance
94. A born and bred New Yorker: Un New Yorkais de souche
95. He's of French origin, of French extraction: Il est français de souche
96. North Africa: Le Maghreb
97. North Africans: Les Maghrébins
98. Pakistani / Bangladeshi: Pakistanais / du Bangladesh
99. Spanish-speaking / Hindi-speaking: Hispanophone / parlant le Hindi
100. Diaspora: Diaspora
101. Un fléau: A scourge
102. uproot: se déraciner
103. beggar: mendiant
104. Foreignness: extranéité
105. multiculturalism: communautarisme
106. which states: qui affirme
107. proponent: un partisan
108. conspiracy theory: théorie du complot
109. welfare: bien-être

110. magnaminous: généreux
111. Openness: ouverture
112. sweeping: balayant
113. On purely economic grounds: Pour des raisons purement économiques 114. Attributes: attributs

115. hardheaded: réaliste
116. green card: un permis de séjour
117. relief: soulagement, aide
118. A lawsuit / a trial: procès
119. willingness: volonté
120. bill: un projet de loi
121. fast-tracked: accéléré
122. crime: un délit
123. to cope: faire face, s'en sortir
124. thus: Par conséquent, ainsi, de cette façon 125. alleviate: Alléger
126. resettle: réinstaller
127. to a large extent: en grande partie